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Kumba Hutano Kukanganisa kurapa Kukanganiswa Kurapa oi-Neha Ghosh Na Neha Ghosh muna Chikunguru 22, 2020| Yakaongororwa Na Sneha Krishnan

Kuva nechiratidzo chakajeka, chakapinza kwakakosha kutibatsira kuti tione yakajeka nyika. Kubva pakuona padyo nepadyo zvinhu kusvika pakuona kuti hatipotse nhanho nekudonha, maziso edu anogara achifamba kupa huropi ruzivo rutsva nezvezvakatipoteredza. Asi, kana chiono chako chikashomeka uye chisina kujeka uye usingakwanise kuona zvinhu zvakajeka, unogona kunge uchinge uchiona zvisirizvo. Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura zvikonzero, zviratidzo, kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwekusaona zvakanaka.

Chii Chiri Chiratidzo Chokuona?

Kuona kwakashata kunoreva kuderera kwekupenya kwechiono, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuona tsvarakadenga. Dambudziko mune chero chikamu cheziso, senge cornea, retina kana optic nerve, inogona kutungamira mukusaona zvakanaka. Kuona kwakadzima kunogona kuitikawo nekuda kwezvimwe zvirwere zvemaziso kana icho chingave chiratidzo cheakawanda ezvekurapa akadai seshuga kana sitiroko [1] , [piri] . Mishonga yakadai sechloroquine, mushonga unoshandiswa kurapa malaria une mhedzisiro sekukanganisa kwekuona kwechinguva. [3] .

Zvichienderana nechakakonzera, kuona kwakakona kunogona kuitika mune rimwe ziso kana ese maziso.

Chii Chinokonzera Kukanganiswa Kuona?

Panogona kuva nezvikonzero zvakawanda zvekusaona zvakanaka, izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Astigmatism - Sekureva kweAmerican Optometric Association, astigmatism chinhu chakajairika cheziso chinokonzeresa kuona. Izvo zvinoitika nekuda kweiyo isina kujairika curve yakaumbwa cornea kana lens mukati meziso, iyo inodzivirira mwenje kutarisisa zvakanaka pane iyo retina (iyo inovhenekera-yakajeka nzvimbo iri kumashure kweziso), zvichikonzera kujeka kana kukanganisa maonero [4] .

Astigmatism inowanzoitika nemamwe mamiriro eziso senge myopia (kuona pedyo) uye hyperopia (kuona zviri kure). Uye musanganiswa wezviitiko zvemaziso zvinonzi zvinokanganisa kukanganisa nekuti zvinokanganisa mashandiro anoita maziso kana kubatidza mwenje.

• Myopia (pedyo-kuona) - Iyo yakajairika mamiriro eziso umo iwe unokwanisa kuona zvinhu zvepedyo zvakajeka, asi zvinhu zviri kure zvinoratidzika kunge zvakasviba. Vanhu vane myopia vane dambudziko rekuona zvinhu zvakajeka vachitarisa terevhizheni kana kutyaira kazhinji zvichikonzera kusaona zvakanaka [5] .

• Presbyopia - Icho chiremara chine chekuita nezera kuremara chinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kutarisa pazvinhu zviri padyo, zvichikonzera kuona kwakashata.

• Hyperopia (kuona zviri kure) - Icho chimwe chiitiko chakajairika cheziso, mauri unogona kuona zvinhu zviri kure zvakajeka, asi zvinhu zvepedyo zvinotaridzika.

• Cataract - Iyo inzvimbo ine makore inovhara iyo yakajeka lens yeziso. Kazhinji, iyo lens (iri kuseri kweiyo iris) inotarisa mwenje pane iyo retina, iyo inotakura iyo mufananidzo kuburikidza neiyo optic nerve kuenda kuuropi. Asi, kana iyo lens yakafukidzwa necataract, inopindira nechiedza chinosvika kune retina kumashure kweziso, zvichikonzera kuona kwakashata kana kusaona. [6] .

• Zera-rakabatana macular degeneration - Ichi chirwere chinokanganisa macula, iri padyo nepakati peiyo retina inoitisa kupenya kwepakati. Kana zera-rinoenderana nezera macular degeneration ikafambira mberi, iyo yepakati chiratidzo inodzikira ichikonzera kusviba uye kuona kurasikirwa [7] . Kuoma kwehukama-hwakabatana macular kudzikira ndipo apo kurasikirwa kwemaonero kunofambira mberi zvishoma uye iyo nyoro yezera-inoenderana nezera macular degeneration ndiyo inokurumidza uye yakaoma fomu yekuona kurasikirwa.

• Glaucoma - Iboka remamiriro eziso anokuvadza mutsipa wemaziso. Chidzidzo chakaitwa muvarwere makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe vakaonekwa vaine mhando dzakasiyana uye nhanho dzeglaucoma. Vakazadza mubvunzo wemibvunzo uyo wairatidza kuti varwere vese, kusanganisira varwere vane glaucoma yekutanga kana ine mwero vane ruzivo rwekuda kuona kwakapenya uye kujeka, izvo zvinonzi ndizvo zviratidzo zvakanyanya [8] .

• Iritis -Iritis, inozivikanwawo seacute anterior uveitis, iko kuzvimba kweiri iris (chikamu chine ruvara cheziso) uye zvinokanganisawo chikamu chepamberi cheziso pakati pekorene uye iris (imba yekumberi). Chisingaperi uye chekupedzisira uveitis chinokonzeresa zviratidzo sekusaona zvakanaka [9] .

• Retinal boka -Inoitika apo diso rako rinobvarura kubva kumashure kweziso rako uye pane kuderedzwa muropa. Sekureva kwechidzidzo chakaburitswa muCommunity Eye Health Journal, izvo zvakajairika zviratidzo zvetisheni zvisizvo kuona kwakashata kana kurasikirwa kamwe kamwe, kusarwadziwa kwemaonero muziso rakabatwa. Vamwe varwere vane chidimbu chesaiti retina vanozowana kurasikirwa kwemunda (kurasikirwa kwemaonero mune chimwe chikamu cheiyo ndima yekuona) [10] .

• Kutsiva mutsinga - Ndiyo yechipiri yakajairika retinal chirwere chevascular chinokonzeresa kurasikirwa mumaonero kuvarwere vakura. Kune maviri marudzi e retinal vein kuvharirwa: bazi retina vein kuvharirwa (BRVO) uye yepakati retina vein kuvharirwa (CRVO). Varwere vane central retinal vein kuvharirwa vanowanzoona kusajeka kuona mune rimwe ziso rinoitika kamwe kamwe, iro risingazorwadzi [gumi neimwe] .

• Hyphema - Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuunganidzwa kwedziva hombe reropa mukamuri rekunze iro rinoitika mushure mekusimbisa kushungurudzika kuziso. Varwere vanoona kudzikira kamwe kamwe kana kurasikirwa kwemaonero. Kuona kurasikirwa kunoenderana padanho rehyphema microhyphema varwere vanogona kunge vaine chiono chakajairika kana kuona kwakasarudzika (kuunganidzwa kweropa kunogona kudzivirira mwenje kuti usvike kune iro retina izvo zvinokonzeresa kuona dzimwe nguva) uye varwere vane hyphema yakazara vanogona kunge vaine kurasikirwa kwakakwana kwekuona [12] .

• Mellitus chirwere cheshuga - Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanogona kusangana neshanduko mumaonero avo. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti chirwere cheshuga mellitus varwere vanowanzo kuve nezviratidzo zvekusaona zvakanaka panguva yehyperglycemia (huwandu hweshuga yeropa), izvo zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuchinja kwekupedzisira kwekukonzeresa nekuda kwekuchinja kwelensi kana retina. [13] .

• Kurohwa - Mushure mekurohwa, matambudziko epakati ekuona akajairika uye zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kuona kwakashata pakati pevamwe. Chidzidzo chakaitwa pakati pevarwere 915 vane makore makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe. Kunze kwavo 479 varwere vaive nekuona kurasikirwa mumunda, varwere makumi mashanu neshanu havana kuona zviratidzo zvekuona, hafu yevarwere vane chiratidzo vaingova nekurasikirwa kwemunda uye imwe hafu vakaona kusaona, kuoma kuverenga, diplopia, uye matambudziko ekuona [14] .

• Brain bundu - Iko kukura kwemasero asina kujairika muuropi. Kusaona chiratidzo chiratidzo chakajairika chebundu reuropi.

• Multiple sclerosis - Ichi chirwere chinorwisa hutachiona hwehutachiona hunokanganisa maziso, huropi uye musana. Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvina chevarwere vane multiple sclerosis vanoonekwa vaine unilateral kana mairi INO (chirwere cheziso rekufamba) vanowanzove vasina kuona uye zvimwe zviratidzo. [gumi neshanu] .

• Myasthenia gravis - Ichi chirwere chisingaperi chinokonzera tsandanyama kumeso nemeso. Ocular myasthenia gravis inokanganisa mhasuru dzemaziso uye eyelids, zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvakajairika sekusaona zvakanaka uye kudonha kwemaziso.

• Chirwere cheshuga retinopathy - Icho chinetso cheshuga chinokanganisa maziso. Chirwere cheshuga retinopathy chinoitika kana paine kukuvara kwemitsipa yeropa iri muretina. Zviratidzo kusaona zvakanaka, kuona husiku husina kunaka uye kukanganisika kwekuona kwemavara pakati pevamwe.

• Migraine - Migraine yakajairika kutemwa nemusoro kunokonzeresa kutemwa nemusoro kwakanyanya kunogona kuuya pakutanga kana kuperekedzwa nezviratidzo zvakasiyana zvekuona. Maonero ekuona matambudziko anokonzerwa nemagraine anokwanisa kubva pakujeka kana kuona foggy, kurasikirwa kwemaonero mune rimwe kana ese maziso uye kutsungirira kwemifananidzo [16] .

• Corneal abrasion - Corneal abrasion inoitika kana zvinhu zvidiki zvichipinda muziso rako uye zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara pamusoro penzvimbo yekoni. Iyo cornea ine dzakawanda tsinga dzemagetsi, idzo dzino bata kubata nekukuvara, saka kana chinhu chekune imwe nyika senge tsanga yejecha kana tupukanana tudiki ukapinda muziso rako, inotanga kudiridza nekukuvadza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iwe unozotanga kuona kusajeka kuona uye kunzwisisika kuchiedza [17] .

• Allergic conjunctivitis - Allergic conjunctivitis ndeyemhando nhatu: yakaoma, mwaka uye isingagumi. Acute - hutachiona kana GPC (hofori papillary conjunctivitis), mwaka - hay fever conjunctivitis kana fomu vernal uye perennial- atopic mafomu. Zviratidzo zvemwaka conjunctivitis zvinowanzojekesa kuona, kurwadziwa, nezvimwewo zvekusingaperi conjunctivitis zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kuona kwakashata, kurwadziwa uye photophobia nevarwere vane hofori papillary conjunctivitis vanotaura zviratidzo sekurwadziwa kuri kuwedzera uye kuona kwakasviba [18] .

• Dhijitari ziso rinonetsa (computer vision syndrome) - Sekureva kweAmerican Optometric Association, dhizaini yeziso redhijitari inokonzeresa matambudziko mazhinji ane chekuita nemaziso uye maonero uye ayo anowanzoonekwa kune vanhu vanoshandisa foni, komputa uye piritsi kwenguva yakareba. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvakajairika zvedigital eye strain kusaona zvakanaka.

• Hutachiona keratitis -Chirwere chekonora chinokonzerwa nema bacteria akaita se S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. pneumoniae uye pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ndiyo yakajairika mhando yebhakitiriya iyo inobata vanobata malenzi vatakuri. Varwere vane bhakitiriya keratitis vanowanzove nezviratidzo sekusaona zvakanaka, photophobia uye kurwadziwa [19] .

• Mishonga - Imwe mishonga inogona kuve nemhedzisiro paziso uye inokonzeresa kuona. Erectile kudzvinyirira mishonga yakaratidzirwa kukonzera kupenya kuona uye kuwedzera mwenje kwekunzwa [makumi maviri] . Asiri-steroidal anti-anogumbura zvinodhaka senge indomethacin painoshandiswa kwenguva refu inogona kukonzera kusaona zvakanaka [makumi maviri nerimwe] . Uye chloroquine, mushonga unorwisa malaria unogona kukonzeresa kuona.

Zviratidzo Zvekusajeka Chiono

Zvichienderana nechakakonzera, kusaona zvakanaka kunogona kana kusaperekedza zvimwe zviratidzo, izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kunzwisisa kwechiedza

• Kurwadziwa kweziso

• Mafashama kana makwapa pamberi pemeso ako

• Kutambudzika kweziso uye kuneta

• Kutsvuka

• Kuona kaviri

• Kuoma uye kusuwa kwemaziso

• Kubuda kweziso

• Zviratidzo zvekushungurudzika kuziso

• Kutemwa nemusoro uye kuda kurutsa

• Kunonoka

• Mwana akachena

Nguva Yokuona Chiremba

Iwe unofanirwa kubva wakurumidza kutsvaga kurapwa kana iwe uine kamwe kamwe kujeka kwekuona uye uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi zvichitevera kujeka kwekuona, sekurwadziwa zvakanyanya kwemusoro, kunetsekana pakutaura, kunetseka pakuona, kumeso kumeso, kushomeka kwekubatana uye kushaya simba kumeso, gumbo kana tsandanyama dzemaoko.

Kuongororwa Kwekusajeka Chiono

Chiremba anozoongorora chinokonzeresa chekuona kwako nekubvunza mibvunzo yakadai sekuti 'Wakatanga riini kuona kuona kwakashata?', 'Ndezvipi zvimwe zviratidzo zvaunazvo nekuona kwakasviba?' uye mimwe mibvunzo yakadai sekubvunza nezve nhoroondo yako yekurapa uye nhoroondo yemhuri yemamiriro ezvinhu eziso. Izvi zvinobatsira chiremba kuti anzwisise izvo chaizvo zviri kunzwa nemurwere nekuti varwere vazhinji vanogona kutsanangura kusaona zvakanaka sekushaikwa nhanho kana kutadza kuona zvakajeka kana kuverenga bhuku.

Chiremba anogona kuramba achiongorora acuity test, kuongororwa kwemaziso kunoongorora kuti unogona sei kuona zvakanakira tsamba kana chiratidzo kubva padanho chairo. Sezvineiwo, kuona acuity bvunzo kunoitwa nekushandisa yakajairwa yakadhindwa Snellen ziso chati nemurwere akamira 20 tsoka (matanhatu mita) kure kana kushandisa ziso chati rakachengetwa anenge 14 inches (35 cm) kure. Ziso rega rega rinoedzwa apa rimwe ziso rakafukidzwa nechinhu chakasimba. Kana murwere akapfeka masekete ekureba anofanirwa kupfekwa panguva yekuyedzwa. Kune varwere vane makore ari pamusoro pemakumi mana emakore vakapfeka bifocal zvionera, chati cheziso chinofanira kushandiswa pamasendimita gumi nemana.

Ipapo, murwere anokumbirwa kuti averenge mavara madiki uye mahombe mune chati yemaziso. Kana murwere asingakwanise kuverenga mavara ese kunyangwe ari padyo padyo, muongorori anobva abvunza murwere kuti averenge kuverenga minwe kuti aone kana murwere achigona kuverenga nemazvo. Kana kuverenga kwemunwe kusingakwanise, muongorori anoongorora kuti murwere anogona kuona ruoko rwekufambisa. Kana izvi zvikasashanda, mwenje unopenyerwa muziso kuti uone kana murwere achiona mwenje.

Kana murwere asina magirazi avo, pini inobatwa padyo neziso, inova nzira inoshanda yekuongorora zvikanganiso zvinokanganisa.

Kune vadiki, vakapokana kana vasina kuverenga varwere, iyo Snellen chati inoshandiswa nemifananidzo kana zvimwe zviratidzo pairi [22] .

Mimwe bvunzo dzemaziso dzakadai sekucheka rambi kuongorora uye ophthalmoscopy zvinoitwa.

Kuongorora mwenje kunoitwa nekushandisa microscope ine mwenje unopenya. Iye ophthalmologist anotanga kurerutsa vadzidzi vako nemadonhwe anowedzera. Uyezve chiremba anozonyatso tarisa pazvimiro zvakasiyana kumberi nekumukati kweziso rako. Izvo zvinobatsira kuona chaicho chikonzero cheakakanganiswa kuona.

Ophthalmoscopy ndeimwe bvunzo yemaziso inoitwa nekushandisa ophthalmoscope kutarisa kumashure kweziso rako. Nayo chiremba anoongorora iyo retina, iyo optic nerve uye tsinga dzeropa. Kuedzwa kweziso uku kunobatsira chiremba kutarisa zvirwere nezvimwe zvinetso zvemaziso.

Kurapa Kwekusajeka Chiono

Zvichienderana nechakakonzera kusaona zvakanaka, kurapwa kunoitwa. Takanyora pasi mashoma.

• Astigmatism - Kuongorora kwakazara kwemaziso kunogona kubatsira kuongorora astigmatism uye kunogona kurapwa nerubatsiro rwegirazi reziso, lenzi dzekubata, orthokeratology uye laser kuvhiyiwa.

• Zera-rakabatana macular degeneration - Kuongorora kwakakwana kwemaziso uye kumwe kuongorora kwekubatsira kunobatsira pakuongorora kwehukama hwehukama hwemacular. Mushonga weakaomeswa zera-wakasangana macular degeneration unosanganisira hutano hwekurapa uye zvinowedzerana uye kune yakanyorova-ane hukama nezera macular degeneration inosanganisira anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial grow factor) kurapa.

• Glaucoma - Kuongorora kwakakwana kwemaziso kunoitwa kuongorora glaucoma. Madonhwe eziso uye oparesheni yelaser anoshandiswa pakurapa glaucoma.

• Kurohwa - Zvichienderana nemhando yesitiroko, kurapwa kunoitwa.

• Migraine - Mishonga uye mimwe mishonga yekumba inogona kuunza zororo kubva ku migraine musoro.

• Cataract - Kuongorora kwakakwana kwemaziso kunoitwa kuongorora chirwere chemaziso. Uye cataract inogona kubviswa nerubatsiro rwekuvhiya kwemaziso.

• Chirwere cheshuga - Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere cheshuga kurapwa kunoitwa uye izvi zvinosanganisira kudya kunovaka muviri, kuongorora shuga muropa, kurovedza muviri, insulin uye mishonga yemumuromo.

• Corneal abrasion - Maziso anodonhedza kana mafuta anokwanisa kubatsira kurapa rukanda.

Kudzivirira Kwemaonero Akakanganiswa

• Endai kunoongororwa maziso nguva dzose

• Pfeka magirazi ezuva kudzivirira meso ako kubva kumwaranzi ye UV.

• Idya chikafu chakapfuma muvhitamini C, vhitamini E, beta-carotene, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin uye omega 3 fatty acids sezvo izvi zvinovaka muviri zvichideredza njodzi yezvirwere zvemaziso zvine chekuita nezera. [2. 3] .

• Shandisa maziso ekuchengetedza kana uri kuita basa rine njodzi.

• Dzivisa kupedza maawa akawanda pakombuta yako, mapiritsi kana nhare mbozha.

• Rega kusvuta [24]

• Chengetedza shuga yako yeropa.

Kazhinji FAQs

Q. Chii chinogona kukonzera pakarepo kuona kwakasviba?

TO . Retinal detachment, sitiroko, macular degeneration uye kukuvara kwemaziso ndizvo zvikonzero zvepamusoro zvakakomba zvekukasira kuona.

Mubvunzo.

TO. Tsvaga kurapwa kwenguva pfupi, kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchirasika.

Q. Kuona kwakadzikama kunogona kuenda here?

TO. Chiono chemazuva mashoma chisina kumira chinogona kuenda pamwe nerubatsiro rwegirazi remaziso, zvisinei, kana chiri chiratidzo chechimiro chakakomberedza bvunza chiremba wako.

Q. Iko kuona kwakasviba chiratidzo chekupererwa nemvura here?

TO. Kushaya mvura mumuviri kunokonzeresa kumeso uko kunogona kutungamira kuzviratidzo sekusaona zvakanaka.

Q. Kushaya kwekurara kunogona kukonzera kuona kwakashata here?

TO. Kushaikwa kwekurara kunogona kukonzera maziso akaoma uye izvi zvinogona kukonzera kunzwisisika kwechiedza, kurwadziwa kana kutadza kuona.

Q. Nhare dzinogona kukonzeresa kuona here?

TO. Ehe, nhare uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinogona kukonzera kusaona zvakanaka.

Q. Sei chiono changu chakaerekana chave nemakore mune rimwe ziso?

TO. Kusviba kwemaziso kazhinji chiratidzo checataract, mamiriro eziso anokonzeresa nzvimbo ine makore muziso reziso.

Q. Inogona kuwanda nguva yekuvhara inoita kuti maziso asaone?

TO. Ehe, yakawandisa nguva yekuvhara inogona kuita kuti maziso ako abude.

Mubvunzo.Ndingaite sei kuti maziso angu arege kutsvuka?

TO. Iva nechokwadi chekuti haumanikidze maziso ako zvakanyanya, kuwana kurara kwakawanda, kunwa mvura yakawanda uye kudya chikafu chinobatsira kuchengetedza maziso ako akagwinya.

Sneha KrishnanGeneral MushongaMBBS Ziva zvimwe