Dysgraphia: Zvinokonzera, Zviratidzo Kuongorora & Kurapa

Mazita Akanakisa Evana

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Dysgraphia idambudziko rekudzidza iro rinokanganisa kunyora nemaoko uye hunyanzvi hunyanzvi hwekugona (kugona kuita mafambiro nekubatanidzira tsandanyama diki dzemaoko nemaoko). Vese vana vadiki vanotarisana nenyaya pavanenge vachidzidza kunyora nekuvandudza zvinyorwa zvavo. Asi kana zvinyorwa zvemwana wako zvisina kujeka kana kushatiswa, kana mwana wako achivenga kunyora nekuti chiitiko chekuumba tsamba chinonzwa kuneta kuneta kwavari - chingave chiratidzo chedysgraphia ^[1] . Inonyanya kuzivikanwa kana mwana achidzidza kunyora, zvisinei, dysgraphia inogona kuenda isingazivikanwe kwemakore, kunyanya mune zvinyoro kesi.

Zvinokonzera Dysgraphia

Sekureva kwehunyanzvi, dysgraphia muvana inowanzo kukonzerwa nedambudziko rekunyora coding. Ichi chirwere chetsinga chinokanganisa ndangariro inoshanda iyo inotibvumidza isu kurangarira zvachose mazwi akanyorwa uye mashandisiro atingaita maoko edu neminwe kunyora iwo mazwi. Izvi zvinowanzoitika pamwe nehumwe hurema hwekudzidza senge ADHD (Kucherechedzwa-Kukanganisa / Hyperactivity Disorder) uye dyslexia muvana. Kukuvara kwehuropi kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zve dysgraphia muvakuru.

Zviratidzo zveDysgraphia

Chinyorwa chisina kujeka uye chakamonyaniswa ndicho chiratidzo chakakurumbira chedysgraphia. Nekudaro, dzimwe nguva zvinokwanisika kuve nedysgraphia kunyangwe kana mwana wako aine runyoro rwakanaka. Muchiitiko ichocho, kunyora zvakarongeka kunova rinonetesa uye rinotora nguva nguva kumwana wako.

Heano mamwe maitiro akajairika edysgraphia:

• Tsamba isina kukodzera uye nzvimbo yemazwi
• Kakawanda kudzima
• Kupereta zvisiri izvo uye capitalization
• Tsamba isina kukodzera uye nzvimbo yemazwi
• Musanganiswa wekutuka uye kuprinta mavara
• Dambudziko mukuteedzera mazwi
• Kuneta kunonetesa
• Tsika yekutaura mazwi zvine ruzha uchinyora
• Mashoko asina kuwanikwa uye tsamba kubva kumitsara
• Kurongeka kwenzvimbo kuronga (kunetsekana pakusiyanisa mavara pabepa kana mukati memahara)
• Yakamanikana kubata, inotungamira kune anorwadza maoko ^[1]

Kuongororwa kweDysgraphia

Kuongororwa kwedysgraphia kunowanzoitwa nechikwata chehunyanzvi, kusanganisira chiremba, chiremba wepfungwa ane hunyanzvi kana vamwe vashandi vehutano hwepfungwa vane ruzivo mukubata nevana vane mamiriro akadaro. Iwe unogona panguva imwe chete kubvunza nyanzvi yedysgraphia yakadzidziswa kuongorora urema uhu.

Kuongororwa kunogona kusanganisira iyo IQ bvunzo. Zviratidzo zvinogona zvakare kuongororwa zvichienderana nebasa ravo rechikoro kana basa redzidzo. Kuyedzwa kwedysgraphia kunosanganisira chinhu chekunyora, kutevedzera zvirevo kana kupindura mibvunzo pfupi yenyaya. Ivo zvakare vanoedza yakanaka-mota kugona, uko mwana wako anozoedzwa pane zviyeuchidzo zviito uye hunyanzvi hwemotokari. Nyanzvi inoedza kuona kuti mwana wako anogona kuronga zvakanaka pfungwa nekuburitsa pfungwa, kusanganisira mhando yekunyora kwavo ^[piri] .

Kurapa kweDysgraphia

Iko hakuna kurapa kusingaperi kwe dysgraphia. Varapi vanofanirwa kutarisa kana paine humwe hurema hwekudzidza kana mamiriro ehutano anobatanidzwa. Mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa ADHD yakabatsira nedysgraphia muvana vanotambura nemamiriro ese ari maviri. Kurapa pabasa kunogona kubatsira mukuvandudza kugona kunyora ^[3] . Inokurudzira vana kuita zviitiko, senge

• kuita kuti vadzidzise kubata chinyoreso nenzira nyowani, kuti kunyora kunzwe kuve nyore kwavari,
• kushanda pamwe nekuenzanisira ivhu,
• kugadzirisa puzzles ekubatanidza-iyo-madots,
• kudhirowa mitsara mukati memazamu, uye
• kutsvaga mavara mukuveura ruomba padhesiki.

Kune akatiwandei ekunyora zvirongwa aripo anobatsira vana vane mamiriro aya ^[4] .

Maitiro Ekutarisira Dysgraphia

Kupfuura zvinonetsa zvepanyama, vana vane dysgraphia vanosangana nekuora moyo kuzhinji kunova nekuona kushomeka mavari. Kusakwanisa kuenderera mberi nedzidzo yepamusoro yekirasi kunovaita kuti vanzwe vasingabatsiri dzimwe nguva. Kunze kwekurapwa uye kurapwa kwese, kupindira kwako semubereki kunogona kubatsira mwana wako kubata nemamiriro ezvinhu aya zvakanyanya. Kupindira-kumba kwekuita dysgraphia kunosanganisira

• muchivadzidzisa kutaipa,
• kuvabatsira kuti vagadzire kubata zvakanaka penzura kana peni,
• kubvuma kunyorera mwana wako basa rechikoro kana mabasa pane dzimwe nguva kuti agovane nhamo, uye
• kukurudzira mwana wako kunyora zvinyorwa asati anyora pasi.

Unogona kugara uchishanda pamwe nechikoro manejimendi uye vadzidzisi vemwana wako kuunza zvigadziriso muhupenyu hwake hwezvidzidzo. Heano maitiro anoita zvikoro mutsauko:

• Sarudza munhu anotora noti mukirasi kana kuti ape vadzidzi kopi yemudzidzisi.
• Gadzira yemuromo imwe nzira yekunyora migove, kana kutsiva pepa rekushomeka nekukurumidza chitaurwa chemuromo chidzidzo.
• Bvumira vadzidzi vane dysgraphia kushandisa pekugara senge penzura kubatirira, zvinyoreso, mapepa ane mitsara yakasimudzwa nezvimwewo kuvabatsira kushanda pahunyanzvi hwekunyora.
• Ipa mvumo yekushandisa makomputa pese pazvinogoneka.
• Bvumidza vana kushandisa chishandiso chekutarisa zviperengo pese pazvinogoneka.

Zvakare, iwe unofanirwa kuve nemoyo murefu uye tendera mwana wako kujairira kune kurapa uye nekuchinja mamiriro, kunyangwe kana kufambira mberi kuri kunonoka. Nekugadzira nharaunda yevatsigiri vadzidzisi, shamwari, nhengo dzemhuri uye varapi, iwe unokwanisa kuvakazve kuzviremekedza kwavo kwakashata uye kuvabatsira kuti vabudirire mukufamba kwenguva.

1. [1]McCloskey, M., & Rapp, B. (2017). Yekusimudzira dysgraphia: Ongororo uye chimiro chekutsvaga.Cognitive neuropsychology, 34 (3-4), 65-82.
2. [piri]Richards, T. L., Grabowski, T. J., Boord, P., Yagle, K., Askren, M., Mestre, Z.,… Berninger, V. (2015). Kusiyanisa maitiro ehuropi eanonyora-ane hukama neDTI parameter, fMRI yekubatanidza, uye DTI-fMRI yekubatanidza kuwirirana muvana vane uye vasina dysgraphia kana dyslexia.NeuroImage. Kiriniki, 8, 408-421.
3. [3]Engel, C., Lillie, K., Zurawski, S., & Travers, B. G. (2018). Zvirongwa Zvekunyora-Zvakanyorwa Pamanyoro Echirongwa: Kuongorora Kwakarongeka Nekukura Kwemagariro.Iyo magazini yeAmerica yekurapa kwebasa: kuburitswa zviri pamutemo kweAmerican Occupational Therapy Association, 72 (3), 7203205010p1-7203205010p8.
4. [4]Rosenblum S. (2018). Kupindirana-hukama pakati pezvinangwa zvekunyora zvinyorwa uye masimba ekutonga pakati pevana vane budiriro dysgraphia .PloS imwe, 13 (4), e0196098.

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