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Chirwere checoronavirus (COVID-19) chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa necoronaviruses, mhuri yehutachiona iyo inokonzeresawo zvakanyanya kufema chirwere (SARS). Ose COVID-19 uye SARS anokonzerwa nekushushikana kwema coronaviruses akakonzera SARS, inozivikanwa seSARS-CoV muna 2003 uye parizvino ichikonzera chirwere checoronavirus, inozivikanwa seSARS-CoV-2.
Musi wa11 Kukadzi 2020, International Committee yeTaxonomy yeVirusi (ICTV) yakatumidza nhoroondo koronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Iri zita rakapihwa nekuti hutachiona hune hukama necorononavirus inoitisa kuputika kweSARS muna 2003.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichatsanangura kufanana nekusiyana pakati pe COVID-19 neSARS.
Chii chinonzi Coronavirus?
Coronaviruses imhuri yehutachiona iyo ine spike-kunge fungidziro pamusoro payo inoita kunge korona. Corona zvinoreva 'korona' muchiLatin uye ndiwo maratidziro akaita hutachiona uhwu zita.
COVID-19 ndiyo yechitatu inozivikanwa zoonotic coronavirus chirwere mushure mekuoma kwakanyanya kufema chirwere (SARS) uye Middle East yekufema syndrome (MERS) [1] .
Rudzi rutsva rwecoronavirus runogona kuoneka kana mhuka coronavirus ichigadzira kugona kutapurira chirwere kuvanhu uye izvi zvinonzi zoonotic transmission.
Chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti SARS-CoV-2 yaive chimeric hutachiona pakati pebata coronavirus uye coronavirus yechisingazivikanwe mavambo. Vatsvagiridzi vakaona kuti cheni yekutapurirana yakatanga kubva kumabhande kuenda kuvanhu [1] .
Zviratidzo zveCoronavirus Chirwere
Zviratidzo ifivha, kukosora, kunetseka kufema, kuneta, kubuda mhino, kurwadziwa nemusoro, kurwadziwa mumuviri, kurwadziwa pahuro, manyoka uye kusvotwa.
Kufambisa KweCoronavirus Chirwere
Vanhu vanogona kubatira COVID-19kubva kune mumwe munhu ane hutachiona ane hutachiona. Chirwere ichi chinopararira zviri nyore kubva pamunhu kuenda pamunhu kuburikidza nemadonhwe madiki emvura kubva mumhino kana mukanwa kana munhu ane hutachiona akosora kana kuhotsira.
Utachiona hwehutachiona hunoratidzika kunge hwepamusoro muhuro nemumhino dzevanhu vane COVID-19 [piri] .
Chii Chinonzi Yakanyanya Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)?
Yakakomba acute kufema chirwere (SARS) chirwere checoronavirus chakakonzera kuputika kweSARS muna 2002-2003. Hutachiona hweSARS hwakapfuura kubva pamabhata kuenda kune yepakati mhuka inogamuchira, iyo civet kati, isati yapfuudza kuvanhu [3] .
Zviratidzo zveSARS
SARS inokonzeresa zviratidzo sekushomeka kwekufema, fivha, chikosoro, malaise, kurwadziwa nemuviri, kutemwa nemusoro, kutonhora uye kuita manyoka.
Kufambisa kweSARS
Kutapurirana kweSARS kunoitika kunyanya kubva pamunhu kuenda kune mumwe munhu SARS-CoV inopararira kuburikidza nemadonhwe ekufema kana munhu ane hutachiona akosora kana kuhotsira.
Molecular Zviitiko zveCOPVID-19 Uye SARS-CoV
Imwe ongororo yakawana ruzivo rwakakwana rwemagene (genome) rweSARS-CoV-2 iyo yakaratidza kuti yaive yakabatana zvakanyanya neese maviri-akatorwa bat-SARS-senge coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 uye bat-SL-CoVZXC21, asi yaive kure kure ne SARS-CoV (inenge 79 muzana) uye MERS-CoV (inenge 50 muzana) [4] .
Receptor Kusunga kweCOVID-19 Uye SARS-CoV
Iyo saiti inosunga saiti yakafananidzwawo neSARS-CoV-2 uye SARS-CoV. Kana hutachiona hwapinda muchitokisi chemuviri wemunhu, hunoda kudyidzana nemapuroteni ari pamusoro pechitokisi (ma receptors) uye hutachiona hunoita izvi kuburikidza nemapuroteni ari ega pamusoro.
Coronavirus inopinda mukati memakamuri maseru anopindirana neiyo transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein iyo inogadzira homotrimers inobuda kubva muhutachiona hwepamusoro. Iyi glycoprotein inoitisa kusunga kune inomiririra cell receptor.
Chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti ese maSARS-CoV-2 uye SARS-CoV anosunga kune inomiririra maseru receptor neyakaenzana uye kusimba kwakanyanya kwazvo muSARS-CoV-2. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei SARS-CoV-2 iri kuita kunge inopararira zviri nyore kupfuura iyo SARS-CoV [5] .
Kupedza...
COVID-19 uye SARS zvese zvinokonzerwa nemakoronavirusi ayo akatanga mumabhatani asati apfuudzwa kuvanhu nevanhu vepakati. Pane mimwe misiyano uye fanano pakati pe COVID-19 neSARS.
