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Kumba Hutano Kukanganisa kurapa Kushungurudzika Kurapa oi-Amritha K By Amritha K. Nyamavhuvhu 21, 2019| Yakaongororwa Na Alex Maliekal

Ongororo dzakasiyana siyana dzakatorwa muIndia dzakaratidza kuti meningitis seimwe yezvikonzero zvekufa kwevana vari pasi pemakore mashanu. Muna 2012, Hurumende yeIndia yakazivisa Chirwere chePentavalent muUniversal Immunization Program (UIP) munyika yese uye chakafukidza nyika. na2017.

Kunyangwe kuwanda kwechirwere chengonda kuchiderera, pachiri kufanira kuenderera mberi nekutarisisa kuongorora nzira dziri kubuda dzemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nekuparadzirwa munyika. Verenga pamusoro kuti uzive nezvechirwere chiri kubata nyika, zvikonzero zvacho uye nzira dzekuzvidzivirira.

Chii chinonzi Meningitis?

Meningitis chirwere chinokonzeresa kuzvimba kwetembere dzakakomberedza musana wepelinha uye pfungwa. Vacheche, vana, vachiri kuyaruka uye vakuru vanogona vese kukura meningitis, kunyangwe mhando yemeninjitisi inowanzosiyana zvichienderana nezera reboka.

Kuzvimba kwemameninges (anodzivirira europi uye musana, ndiko kuti, anodzivirira uropi uye musana kubva mukukanganiswa nehutachiona kana chero kushungurudzika) kunoitika kana mvura yakatenderedza nzvimbo yatapukirwa ^[1] .

Izvi, zvakare, zvinokonzeresa kusagadzikana kwema meninges, pamwe necebrospinal fluid inochengetedza zvimiro zveiyo yepakati tsinga system ^[piri] .

Ndeapi Mhando dzeMeningitis?

Meningitis inokonzerwa nebhakitiriya kana mavhairasi uye mhando dze meningitis dzinoiswa zvinoenderana. Mhando dzakajairika dze meningitis hutachiona uye hutachiona.

1. Utachiona hwomumuzongoza

Rudzi rwakajairika rwemeningitis, hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakanyorova uye hunorapwa pachahwo. Inowanzo kukonzerwa nemavirusi ari muchikamu cheEntovovirus, icho chinosvika 85 muzana yechirwere ^[3] .

2. Bacterial meningitis

Rudzi urwu rwechirwere chemumuzongoza runotapukira. Bacterial meningitis inokonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona senge Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenza, Listeria monocytogenes uye Staphylococcus aureus.

Kana ikasarapwa, mamiriro acho anogona kuuraya. Maererano nemishumo, 5 kusvika ku40 muzana yevana uye makumi maviri kusvika makumi mashanu muzana yevanhu vakuru vane hutachiona hutachiona vanofa ^[4] .

3. Fungal yomumuzongoza

Rudzi rwusingawanzo rwe meningitis, fungal meningitis inokonzerwa nefungi yakadai seCryptococcus, Blastomyces, Histoplasma uye Coccidioides. Iyo fungus inotapura muviri uye inopararira kurukova reropa, kubva kwainofamba kuenda kuuropi kana musana.

4. Chirwere chemhombwe

Zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunowanikwa muvhu, tsvina, zvinhu zvekudya sehove mbishi, zvinogadzirwa uye huku, hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunokonzerwa nezvipembenene zvakadai seAngiostrongylus cantonensis, Baylisascaris procyonis uye

Gnathostoma spinigerum.

Parasitic meningitis haina kutapukira zvakananga, ndiko kuti, haina kupfuudzwa kubva kune mumwe munhu uchienda kune mumwe. Inopararira kana utachiona hwukabata mhuka kana chinhu chekudya, icho chinobva chadyiwa nemunhu ^[5] .

5. Isingatapuriri yomumuzongoza

Meningitis inogona zvakare kukura semhedzisiro yezvikonzero zvisina kutapukira uye iyi inowira pasi peiyo chikamu.

Ndezvipi Zvikonzero zveMeningitis?

Mhando yega yega yehutachiona ine zvikonzero zvakasiyana nezvirwere zvehutachiona chiri chikonzero chakanyanya. Chimwe chikonzero chakakosha hutachiona hwehutachiona uye hutachiona hutachiona hunowanzoitika ^[6] ^[7] .

Chikonzero chebacteria meningitis chinosiyana zvichienderana nezera reboka remunhu ane hutachiona. Mune vacheche vasati vasvika uye vacheche kusvika pamwedzi mitatu, zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika muboka B streptococci. Muvana vakura, zvinokonzerwa neNeisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) uye Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ipo kune vanhu vakuru, inokonzerwa neNeisseria meningitidis uye Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Viral meningitis inokonzerwa nemavhairasi senge hutachiona hweWest Nile, furuwenza, mamota, HIV,

gwirikwiti, herpes virus uye Coltivirus.

Fungal meningitis inogona kukonzerwa nezvakawanda zvinhu. Zvimwe zvezvikonzero ndezve kushandiswa kwema immunosuppressants, kurasikirwa kwehutachiona nezera uye HIV / AIDS.

Parasitic meningitis inokonzerwa nezvipembenene zvakadai seAngiostrongylus cantonensis, Gnathostoma spinigerum uye Schistosoma. Mamiriro acho anokurawo semhedzisiro yemamiriro akadai cysticercosis, toxocariasis, baylisascariasis uye paragonimiasis.

Isingatapurirane meningitis inokura semhedzisiro yemamwe mamiriro ekurapa kana kurapwa senge lupus, kukuvara kwemusoro, kuvhiyiwa huropi, kenza uye mimwe mishonga.

Ndezvipi Zviratidzo zveMeningitis?

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinosanganisirwa nemamiriro acho zvakafanana neaya ehururu uye zvinokura kwemazuva mashoma. Zviratidzo zve meningitis zvinosiyana zvichienderana nezera remunhu uye mhando yehutachiona uye zviratidzo zvehutachiona uye hutachiona hwehutachiona zvinogona kufanana pakutanga ^[8] .

Zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutachiona muvacheche zvinotevera:

Kushatirwa
Kusava nechido
Lethargy
Kupindwa nechando
Kurara

Zviratidzo zvakajairika nezviratidzo zve meningitis muvanhu vakuru zvinotevera:

Kusvipa
Kupindwa nechando
Kurara
Mutsipa wakaoma
Kufenda
Kunzwisisa kuchiedza chakajeka
Kuderedza kudya
Lethargy
Nausea
Kushatirwa
Lethargy
Kutemwa nemusoro
Ganda repepuru rinofanana nemavanga
Kutonhora
Kunzwisisa kuchiedza (photophobia)
Kuvhiringidzika
Kuora mwoyo

Mune parasitic meningitis, zviratidzo zvakafanana neiyo fungal meningitis uye munhu anogona kukura mapundu pamuviri. Meningococcal meningitis ichave nekuputika pamusoro pemuviri uye zviratidzo zvechiitiko zvinosanganisira kuomarara kwemutsipa, chiratidzo cheBrudzinski chinoratidza chiratidzo chaKernig pakuongorora kwepanyama. ^[9] .

Ndezvipi Ndezvipi Njodzi Zviitiko zveMeningitis?

Meningitis njodzi zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvinotevera ^[10] :

Zera diki
Kubata
Iyo immune isina kusimba kana kukanganisa
Kugara munzvimbo yemunharaunda
Kudzivisa majekiseni

Ndezvipi Zvinetso zveMeningitis?

Ose mamiriro ehutano anowanzo kuve nekukura kwematambudziko uye meningitis matambudziko akanyanya uye anogona kukonzeresa uye kukuvara kusingaperi kwemitsipa kana ikasarapwa. ^{[gumi neimwe]} .

Izvo zvinetso zve meningitis zvinotevera:

Itsvo kutadza
Shock
Kuremara pakudzidza
Kunzwa kurasikirwa
Matambudziko ekurangarira
Arthritis
Kukuvara kwehuropi
Gait matambudziko
Hydrocephalus
Rufu

Chii chinonzi Meningitis?

Chiremba anozoita kuongororwa kwakavakirwa pakuongorora kwemuviri, bvunzo dzekuongorora uye nhoroondo yemunhu yekurapa. Chiremba anoongorora hutachiona mumusoro, nzeve, huro uye ganda riri musana ^[12] . Iko kunonyanya kuferefetwa / kuyedzwa mu meningitis iLP (lumbar puncture).

Kuongororwa kuchasanganisira bvunzo dzinotevera:

Computerized tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Tsika dzeropa
Chest X-rays

Meningitis Inorapwa Sei?

Iko kurapwa kweiyo mamiriro kunoenderana nerudzi rwemeningitis.

Bhakitiriya meningitis inoda kurapwa nekukurumidza nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye corticosteroids. Viral meningitis kurapwa kunosanganisira zororo remubhedha, kunwa mvura uye mishonga yemarwadzo pamusoro pe-iyo-counter. Antifungal mishonga inoshandiswa pakurapa fungal meningitis ^[13] .

Mune mamwe marudzi asara ehurombo, vanachiremba vanopa kurapwa kweantiviral uye antibiotic. Asina-hutachiona meningitis inorapwa necorticosteroids. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvehurombo, kurapwa hakudiwe sezvo mamiriro ari kuita zvirinani pachawo.

Ndeapi Matanho Ekudzivirira Meningitis?

Sezvo mamiriro acho ari kukonzerwa nehutachiona hwakajairika uye mabhakitiriya, inogona kutekeshera kuburikidza nekukosora, kutsvoda, nekugovana midziyo etc. Matanho anotevera anogona kubatsira kudzivirira kutsemuka kwemurume ^[14] .

Geza maoko
Ramba wakagwinya (zorora, ita maekisesaizi, idya zvine hutano)
Dzidzira hutsanana
Vhara muromo wako uchikosora kana kuhotsira
Vakadzi vane nhumbu vanofanirwa kungwarira tsika dzekudya

Kunze kweizvi, meningitis inogona kudzivirirwa nekutora majekiseni.

Inowanzo Bvunzwa Mibvunzo

Q. Ndechipi chiratidzo chekutanga che meningitis?

Makore : Fivhiri, kurutsa, kutemwa nemusoro, kurwadziwa nemitezo, ganda rakachenuruka, uye maoko nemakumbo anotonhora ndizvo zviratidzo zvekutanga zvemeninjita.

Q. Munhu anogona here kurarama meningitis?

Makore : Kana ikasarapwa meningitis inogona kuuraya. Asi, kurapwa kwakakodzera panguva uye kupindira kunogona kubatsira munhu kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu.

Mubvunzo: meningitis inogona kukuuraya nekukurumidza sei?

Makore : Meningitis inogona kuuraya mukati memaawa mana.

Q. Chii chinonzi meningitis musoro unonzwa?

Makore : Kusiyana neakajairwa musoro, mumwe anowana, meningitis kutemwa nemusoro kunokanganisa musoro wako wese uye hauna kuiswa munzvimbo ipi neipi chaiyo.

Wona Chinyorwa Mareferenzi

[1]Khan, F. Y., Yousef, H., & Elzouki, A. N. (2017). Rhabdomyolysis uye chakakomba renal kutadza kwakabatana nepneumococcal meningitis: Nyaya yenyaya uye ongororo yemabhuku. Libyan Zvinyorwa zveSainzi Sayenzi, 1 (1), 18.
[piri]Cooper, L. V., Kristiansen, P. A., Christensen, H., Karachaliou, A., & Trotter, C. L. (2019). Meningococcal inotakura nezera muAfrica meningitis bhandi: yakarongeka ongororo uye meta-ongororo. Epidemiology & Kubata, 147.
[3]van Samkar, A., Brouwer, M. C., Schultsz, C., van der Ende, A., & van de Beek, D. (2015). Streptococcus suis meningitis: kuongorora kwakarongeka uye meta-ongororo. PLoS yakaregeredza hosha dzinopisa, 9 (10), e0004191.
[4]Hussein, K., Bitterman, R., Shofty, B., Paul, M., & Neuberger, A. (2017). Management ye post-neurosurgical meningitis: rondedzero ongororo. Clinical Microbiology uye Kubatira, 23 (9), 621-628.
[5]Ogrodzki, P., & Forsythe, S. (2015). Capsular profiling yeCronobacter genus uye mubatanidzwa weiyo chaiyo Cronobacter sakazakii uye C. malonaticus capsule mhando neonatal meningitis uye necrotizing enterocolitis. BMC genomics, 16 (1), 758.
[6]Sinha, M.K, Prasad, M., Haque, S. S., Agrawal, R., & Singh, A. (2016). Clinical Mamiriro eLactate Dehydrogenase Chiitiko muCerebrospinal Fluid nezera uye Bonde Kugovera mune dzakasiyana Mhando dzeMeningitis. MOJ Immunol, 4 (5), 00142.
[7]Kakarlapudi, S. R., Chacko, A., Samuel, P., Verghese, V. P., & Rose, W. (2018). Kufananidza kwekutsvaira typhus meningitis neacute bacterial meningitis uye tuberculous meningitis. Indian vanachiremba vevana, 55 (1), 35-37.
[8]Lv, S., Zhou, XN, & Andrews, J. R. (2017). Eosinophilic meningitis inokonzerwa neAngiostrongylus cantonensis.
[9]Heemskerk, A. D., Bang, N. D., Mai, N.T, Chau, T., Phu, N. H., Loc, P. P., ... & Lan, N. H. (2016). Yakawedzera antituberculosis kurapa kune vanhu vakuru vane tuberculous meningitis. New England Chinyorwa cheMishonga, 374 (2), 124-134.
[10]Wilkinson, R. J., Rohlwink, U., Misra, U. K., Van Crevel, R., Mai, N. T., Dooley, K. E., ... & Thwaites, G. E. (2017). Tuberculous yomumuzongoza. Zvisikwa Ongororo Neurology, 13 (10), 581.
[gumi neimwe]Muvezi, R. R., & Petersdorf, R. G. (1962). Iyo kiriniki spectrum yebacteria meningitis. Iyo yeAmerican magazini yemishonga, 33 (2), 262-275.
[12]Nzvimbo dzeDziviriro Kudzora uye Kudzivirira. (2015). Epidemiology uye kudzivirira kwehutachiona-hunodzivirirwa hosha. Washington DC Ruzhinji Hutano Foundation, 2, 20-2.
[13]Gomo, H.R, & Boyle, S. D. (2017). Aseptic uye bacterial meningitis: kuongorora, kurapwa, uye kudzivirira. Ndiri Chiremba weNzara, 96 (5), 314-322.
[14]Rajasingham, R., Smith, R. M., Park, B. J., Jarvis, J. N., Govender, N. P., Chiller, T. M., ... & Boulware, D. R. (2017). Mutoro wepasi rose wechirwere cheHIV-chinosangana cryptococcal meningitis: ongororo yakagadziridzwa. Zvirwere zvinotapukira zveLancet, 17 (8), 873-881.